Biology 11---FINAL EXAM TUESDAY JUNE 19

Answers to selected final exam review:
Ecology #3)- direct animal count, quadrant sampling (sample plots), mark/recapture
#4) -.833 rats/ha/yr.                #9) 9.88%

Adaptation and evolution #2) Genetic differences (variation) can arise due to mutations or from sexual reproduction.   If there is non-random mating —mates with certain traits are chosen, then these traits become more prevalent in the population.
#3) Two possible outcomes if organisms are unable to adapt to their environment:  extinction or emigration to a new area.
#5) Types of natural selection:  stabilizing, directional, disruptive— check notes or the textbook for sketches and description

Taxonomy:  #1)kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
#2)Felis= genus.  domesticus=species.... this is a house cat
#6) kingdoms contain the greatest number of individuals.  The focus gets narrower with each level.

Microbiology:
#2) body’s first line of defence= Physical and chemical barriers like skin and mucus membranes, oil, sweat and gastric fluid in the stomach
#3) eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles and a nucleus.  Prokaryote have no nucleus—naked genetic material!
#7) obligate anaerobes must live without oxygen, obligate aerobe must live with oxygen, facultative anaerobes lives with or without oxygen
#12) beneficial bacteria= E. coil in your large intestine and lactobacilli-used to make cheese
Harmful= streptococci (causes strep throat), Bacillus anthracis (causes anthrax)
#14) all plant like protists photosynthesize.  An example of a plant like protist is euglena.
#19) contractile vacuoles expel water from paramecium.

Plant Biology:
#1) 5 major plant division:  aquatic plants (algae),  bryophytes (mosses),  pterophytes (ferns), Angiosperms (flowering plants), gymnosperms (naked seed plants)
#3) Alternation of generations refers to sporophyte and gametophyte generation "switching" back and forth during a plant's life cycle.
#4) NOTE that #5 is just the continuation of #4.......  As plants become more advanced the amount of time spent in the sporophyte generation increases.
#9) Mosses are restricted to moist environments because they require water in order for fertilization to take place.
#13) Archegonia is where egg is stored and antheridia is where sperm is stored in mosses and ferns.  mosses have them on two different structures and ferns have them both on the same gametophyte.
#15) Plants that live on land had to overcome the problem of lack of immediate water surrounding them for support and to transport nutrients.  Roots, stems and leaves as well as spores or seeds have allowed them to live on land.  Roots to carry water and nutrients to the entire plant, stems for support and leaves with a waxy cuticle covering it to keep the plant from drying out.
#22) Angiosperms and gymnosperms have seeds.
#24) Angiosperms perform double fertilization in their life.  This produces seeds enclosed in an ovary which becomes the fruit.

Fungi:
#1) Fungi are Eukaryotic,  non-photosynthetic, NON motile organisms.  They are heterotrophic unlike plants.
#2)  Examples of Fungi:  yeast, bread mold, morels,  atheletes foot
#7) The diploid stage (mushroom body) produces spores by meiosis.  They will grow into hyphae and fuse to form a dikaryotic stage (hyphae fuse but the two nuclei don't fuse).

Animal Kingdom:
#2) Life functions performed by animals:  All animals are heterotrophic.  They must obtain and ingest organic food, digest food, circulate its nutrients for growth and energy supply.  Animals must coordinate their activities,
#3) Types of symmetry in animals:  asymmetry (no symmetry) as in sponges,  bilateral symmetry such as all worms, and chordates, or radial symmetry like jellyfish and starfish

Science 9

Today we finished the last topic of the Reproduction unit:  Human Karyotypes

Complete the following textbook questions to review for the Quick Question Quiz tomorrow:
Page 104-105 #1-4, #11 (skip b and h), #16, 17 and 18

Page 142    #1-7, #10-13, #17, #24

Answers pg. 104.  1)C    2)D    3)C  4)C    #11a) hermaphrodites      c) sperm, egg       d) gametes
e) diploid      f) diploid or karyotype       g) diploid     
#16) Sister chromatids only separate during meiosis II.   Sister chromatids also separate during mitosis
#17)  a) 32      b) 16    c) 16    d) C, D and E      
#18) Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells.   Meiosis results in 4 haploid cells

Answers to pg. 142   1)B     2)D     3)B      4)D       5)C      6)C      7)C  
10a) Sex chromosomes X and Y determine gender     b)Males are XY females are XX
c)X and Y chromosomes are different sizes and shapes and therefore do not carry the same information

11) the urethra carries urine and sperm
12a) prostate     b) testis         c)penis           d)urethra
13) Preganancy stops the menstrual cycle.  the corpus luteum produces progesterone, which stops the ripening of more eggs and prepares the endometrium for the fertilized egg.
17) a) cervix     b)uterus       c)endometrium

24a) female        b) there are two X chromosomes, therefore the karyotype belongs to a female. 

Science 8

Today we looked at everyone's Earth Science Projects.  Great work!  I learned lots about Earthquakes and volcanoes.

Biology 11

Today we worked on our Animal Unit "cheat sheet".   Tomorrow is the Quest on Animals.....bring your cheat sheeeeeeet!

Science 8

Today we worked on our Earth Science Projects.  We will look at those tomorrow as a class.  

Science 9

Today we watched the birth video!!   Here are the links to the 2 videos in case you need to see it again:)

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/life-greatest-miracle.html

Friday's Quick Question Quiz:   Sexual and Asexual reproduction, meiosis, male and female reproductive systems, fertilization 

Biology 11

Today we marked the Mollusks and Arthropods colouring.  Make sure your Echinoderms is in.

Next we tried cuttin' and organizin' all the Animal Phyla with their characteristics.   Complete this to help you make your cheat sheet for the Animal Quest on Friday.  

Scavenger hunt tomorrow.....wear appropriate clothing:)